Different types of refrigerants pdf merge

In fact, from the thermodynamic or heatcarrying standpoint, differences among refrigerants with similar. Classification can be divided into class 1, class 2, class 3. What are the most common types of refrigerant today. You should use the term refrigerant not the brand name when. The process is not easy, and although there are alternatives to old refrigerants, the new ones are usually not flawless. Comparison of environmental impacts and physical properties of refrigerants ko matsunaga executive summary even before the invention of refrigeration, people wanted to improve their life by using ice to provide cold drinks and preserve food. First of all, there are 3 types of metering devices. Ppt refrigerants powerpoint presentation free to view. One of two situations will occur, depending on how strongly the different molecules are attracted to each other. Although many fluids can be used to act as a refrigerant, but in 20 th century, cfcs became the most popular refrigerants. Without being pressureregulated, primary refrigerants absorb all available heat. Figure 1 shows the different types of refrigeration systems.

Many different refrigerants have been used in the past and are in use today with good ability to transfer heat from one place to another. A comparison between refrigerants used in air conditioning derya ozkan, ozden agra and ozlem cetin. The following is a list of refrigerants with their typeprefix, ashrae designated numbers, iupac chemical name, molecular formula, cas registry number blend name, atmospheric lifetime in years, semiempirical ozone depletion potential, net global warming potential over a 100year time horizon, occupational exposure limitpermissible exposure. There are many kinds of refrigerant and or refrigerant on the market today, but only a few that are widely used. Pdf refrigeration and airconditioning play a vital role in domestic and industrial applications. Merge pdf files combine pdfs in the order you want with the easiest pdf merger available. Refrigerants are classified according to their way of absorption or extraction of heat from substances stored in the refrigerator. Natural refrigerants are chemicals which occur in natures biochemical processes. It is not the type of refrigerant used in most cars today. Many working fluids have been used for such purposes. Halocarbon refrigerants halocarbon refrigerant are all synthetically produced and were developed as the freon family of refrigerants. The refrigerant used in mobile air conditioning systems.

Different refrigerants are used depending on the location, the type of machine and the application of items that are refrigerated. Different refrigerants have different energies at the same temperature, and. Thus, we have separate series for halogenated refrigerants and other types. The refrigerants r4a and r410a were both introduced as. Hydrocarbon refrigerants are natural replacements for cfc, hfc and hcfc refrigerant gases, and are. The earliest mechanical refrigeration used air as a working fluid. And finally, acca believes that technicians should be required to recertify every five years to keep up with new technologies and the ever expanding list of refrigerants on. Found in pretty much everything that cools, and sometimes in things that heat, most commonly air conditioners, fridges, freezers, and vehicle air conditioners.

The openoffice and staroffice presentation applications were introduced as an alternative to the microsoft powerpoint application and the odp file format allows for the sharing of presentation documents across multiple applications and platforms. Incorporating product design into the development of new. Following a few but important safety precautions, such as handling by a competent refrigeration service engineer, their use is not very different from that of hfcs class a1 refrigerants. To change the order of your pdfs, drag and drop the files as you want. You may be more familiar with the brand names of halocarbons, such as freons refrigerants, gentron, gension d. The chosen refrigerants were based on availability. Assessed without accessing the systems refrigerant piping to. Each refrigerant type is denoted by a different series.

Lesson 1 covers a basic understanding of refrigerants, including the history of refrigerants, terminology, and refrigerants types such as cfc, hcfc, hfc, natural refrigerants, and blends zeotrope and azeotrope. Freon was a brand name for a refrigerant r12 by dupont. As demonstrated in figure 4, the higher the mie, the. They do not deplete the ozone layer and make a negligible or zero in the case of r717 ammonia contribution to global warming.

Report from that study reveals a high spread of cop up to 11. Examples of secondary refrigerants include water, air, hydrocarbons, ammonia and carbon dioxide, which are more environmentally benign than traditional refrigerants such as hcfcs. Comparison of various refrigerants r410a, r22, r290, r. Secondary refrigerants allow the amounts of environmentally harmful primary refrigerants to be minimized and contained in a restricted area. It was banned in 1994 due to it harming the ozone layer. The two main uses of refrigerants are refrigeratorsfreezers and air conditioners. Originally the title given was new and alternative refrigerants but i was also asked to. It is classified as an hfc refrigerant and has been banned in some countries due to its global warming potential.

A refrigerant is a compound that can readily absorb heat at one temperature, then compressed by a heat pump to a higher temperature and pressure where it changes phase and discharges the absorbed heat. The most common refrigerant in the past was a cfc, most commonly called as freon. A comparison between refrigerants used in air conditioning. Vehicle manufacturers have used two different refrigerants in automotive ac systems. Therefore, they cannot be mixed, and the equipment they are used in will be different. Working fluids in refrigeration cycles undergoes phase transition in cycles mostly before going to subject topic first of all we divide all refrigerants in following categories. Like our online pdf merger, our other online pdf conversion tools are free to use.

In most cycles it undergoes phase transitions from a liquid to a gas and back again. Please, select more pdf files by clicking again on select pdf files. Refrigerants are recovered to prevent them from leaking or being dispersed into the atmosphere. A near azeotropic, low gwp blend of an hfc and an hfo.

Optimisation and evolving kinetic motifs that merge data. The development of different refrigerants over time took place based on safety, durability and. Synthetic refrigerants that were commonly used for refrigeration, cold storage and air conditioning applications are. The following is a list of refrigerants with their type prefix, ashrae designated. Here are some of the desirable properties of refrigerant explained in detail. Personnel working with refrigerants may be injured or killed if proper precautions are not taken. Properties of refrigerants n low boiling point and high latent heat of vaporization n dense vapor n low toxicity n non flammable n low miscibility with oil n low cost ammonia n has good heat transfer properties n not miscible with oil n but n toxic n flammable n corrosive to. Refrigerants are widely used in refrigeration cycle where cooling effect below the atmospheric temperatures are needed. Most pre1994 model year vehicles used cfc12 also called r12.

Refrigerants for commercial refrigeration applications. Refrigerants can be split into four different types, 1 hydrocarbons, 2 chlorofluorocarbons, 3 hydroclurofluorocarbons and 4 hydrofluorocarbons. The high efficiency of natural refrigerants also means that they make a lower indirect contribution to global warming. These refrigerants are intended for different applications, but the proper use and handling of both are controlled by the environmental protection agency. Most, if not all, of the changes have been driven by a need to improve the safety of the end users either directly. Service refrigerants contain hcfc as blend component. Without being pressureregulated, primary refrigerants absorb all available heat from perishable goods until theyre frozen solid. Refrigerants article about refrigerants by the free. Med an agent that provides a sensation of coolness or reduces fever refrigerant compound used in refrigerators, air conditioners, and heat pumps to transfer heat from one place. R4a refrigerant is primarily used in automobile applications.

Primary refrigerants change states to absorb heat from surrounding areas or substances. Mie would allow greater charge sizes to be used for refrigerants with lower 2l burning velocities or for refrigerants that approach the nonflammable limit. The refrigerants r4a and r410a were both introduced as eventual replacements for more environmentally harmful chlorofluorocarbonbased refrigerants. In the last two centuries, human ingenuity made it. New, natural and alternative refrigerants by dr s f pearson of star refrigeration limited introduction it is an honour to be invited to present this paper despite the rather daunting title. A refrigerant is a substance used in a heat cycle to transfer heat from one area, and remove it to another. These naming conventions differ according to the type of refrigerant. The files that the application creates are built using the oasis xmlbased opendocument standard. Table 3 below displays the various types of equipment used in the different rac sector in mauritius. Whenever we choose them for particular use properties of refrigerants also plays a vital role in economic and environmental friendly application. Class 1 refrigerants used in the standard compression type cooling system.

In this study, performance of different refrigerants like r600a, r4a, r290, r1270, r32, r22, and r152a, in vapor compression refrigeration cycles and heat pumps was. Refrigerants are divided into groups according to their chemical composition. However, these refrigerants have to be phased out due to their ozone depletion potential odp. A refrigerant is a compound used in a heat cycle that undergoes a phase change from a gas to a liquid and back. If refrigerant is vented into the atmosphere there will be one of two effects. Boiling point a substance used as a refrigerant should have a boiling point in a particular range that fits the machine in which it is used. Some examples of hydrocarbons include methane, ethane, propane and butane. A2l are lower flammability refrigerants with a maximum burning velocity less than 10 cmsec ashrae 34 iso5149. Chemical refrigerants are assigned an r number which is determined systematically according. All types of refrigerant should be recovered either when opening a unit to work on it or during the disposal of a unit. Fluorocarbons, especially chlorofluorocarbons, became commonplace in the 20th century, but they are being phased out because of their ozone depletion effects.

Reprints one comment blends are made up of two or more single component refrigerants. R12 was the refrigerant back in the 20th century for automobile applications. Refrigerants currently employed together with the typical. Pdf a study of alternative refrigerants for the refrigeration and air. The total temperature glide of a refrigerant blend is defined as the. Synthetic and organic refrigerants are classified under two main categories, primary and secondary. Following the discovery that some of these chemical compounds may be harmful to the environment, they are being replaced with more environmentally friendly alternatives see figure 5. A refrigerant is a substance or mixture, usually a fluid, used in a heat pump and refrigeration cycle. A number of materials have physical and thermodynamic properties suitable for their use as refrigerants.